Beyond hypoxia：Occurrence and characteristics of black blooms due to the decomposition of the submerged plant Potamogeton crispus in a shallow lake

Organic matter-induced black blooms(hypoxia and an offensive odor) are a serious ecosystem disasters that have occurred in some large eutrophic shallow lakes in China. In this study, we investigated two separate black blooms that were induced by Potamogeton crispus in Lake Taihu, China. The main physical and chemical characteristics, including color- and odor-related substances, of the black blooms were analyzed. The black blooms were characterized by low dissolved oxygen concentration(close to 0 mg/L), low oxidation-reduction potential, and relatively low pH of overlying water. Notably higher Fe2+and∑S2-were found in the black-bloom waters than in waters not affected by black blooms. The black color of the water may be attributable to the high concentration of these elements, as black FeS was considered to be the main substance causing the black color of blooms in freshwater lakes. Volatile organic sulfur compounds, including dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, were very abundant in the black-bloom waters. The massive anoxic degradation of dead Potamogeton crispus plants released dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, which were the main odor-causing compounds in the black blooms. The black blooms also induced an increase in ammonium nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus levels in the overlying waters. This extreme phenomenon not only heavily influenced the original lake ecosystem but also greatly changed the cycling of Fe, S, and nutrients in the water column.     

饮用水源地的水华对人体健康风险评价

饮用水源地的水华现象近年来在世界各地不断爆发,给人类饮水安全造成极大的威胁。本文通过检测微囊藻毒素和三卤甲烷类物质,利用急性暴露安全阈值（浓度）计算模型,计算出了各自的急性暴露安全阅值,并对健康风险进行了评价。     

颗粒直链藻水华生消对婆罗异剑水蚤（桡足类）种群动态的影响

近年来,国内外学者对湖库型水华的发生机理和生态效应都做了大量研究,但有关水华生消对浮游动物群落结构影响的研究还很少.因此,本研究利用两个室外水泥池在中等尺度上考察了颗粒直链藻水华生消过程对婆罗异剑水蚤(桡足类)种群动态的影响,以及后者摄食对水华生消的下行调控作用.结果发现,颗粒直链藻水华发展迅速,仅5 d时间叶绿素浓度就从(21.24±0.75)μg·L-1上升到(240.34±11.00)μg·L-1;随后水华进入快速消退期,3 d后叶绿素a浓度下降到(53.63±0.47)μg·L-1.婆罗异剑水蚤的摄食压力对颗粒直链藻水华具有明显的抑制作用,水华生消期间含有婆罗异剑水蚤的藻液叶绿素a浓度比对照组低20μg·L-1左右,最大差异为26.08μg·L-1.期间婆罗异剑水蚤的丰度也由接入时的(56.50±4.32)ind·L-1增加到(142.11±6.35)ind·L-1,增加了1.5倍.该研究结果表明,在无鱼类摄食压力情况下,颗粒直链水华的爆发和消亡对婆罗异剑水蚤的生长和繁殖没有负面影响,反而促进了其种群数量的增加,这可能是由于水华期间为其提供了充足的饵料供应.     

六都寨水库夏季富营养化状况与浮游植物分布特征研究

六都寨水库是湖南省邵阳市重要的备用水源地,本文在2012年夏季对六都寨水库水体理化指标和浮游植物群落结构进行调查,评价水库富营养化状况.结果显示六都寨水库氮、磷浓度较高,TN和TP平均值分别为0.88和0.04 mg·L-1,部分点位超过Ⅲ类水标准.调查期间库区浮游植物总细胞密度变化范围为3.68×106~5.84×106cells·L-1,水库中心区域以绿藻为主,靠近坝首处则以蓝藻为主.各点位Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')介于2.19~3.17之间,Chl.a浓度范围为3.64~20.24μg·L-1,综合营养状态指数(TLI)为38.51~48.11,六都寨水库水体已处于中营养状态.要从根本上控制六都寨水库水体富营养化进程,防范蓝藻水华风险,需通过长期科学监控和综合防治.     

崂山水库的浮游植物群落特征及变化研究

2007年-2011年连续5年,采用生物群落法,对崂山水库浮游植物的群落结构进行了监测分析.结果为：2011年崂山水库共检出浮游植物8门93种,库区优势种为尖针杆藻（S.acus）、小胶鞘藻（P.tenue）、卵形隐藻（Cryptomonas ovata）、尖尾蓝隐藻（Chroomonas acuta）.5年来群落结构相对稳定,浮游植物细胞密度呈上升趋势.库区为B-中污型水体.     

阳澄湖浮游植物群落结构与环境因子的典范对应研究

2013年4月（春季）和10月（秋季）对阳澄湖6个点位的浮游植物群落结构进行了调查,共发现浮游植物8门91属184种,其中硅藻门为阳澄湖的主要优势门类,硅藻门中的小环藻属占主要优势种.对六个点位的浮游植物结构组成与9个环境因子的关系进行典范对应分析,结果表明东湖南与中湖北的浮游植物群落结构与其他4个点位差异性较大,pH、高锰酸盐指数、总磷、氨氮、水温是影响浮游植物分布的主要环境因子.     

海州湾海洋牧场浮游植物群落结构特征及其与水质参数的关系

为了解海州湾海洋牧场海域浮游植物群落特征,于2013年进行了春(5月)、夏(8月)、秋(10月)3个航次的调查,共鉴定出浮游植物115种,其中,硅藻门种类最多,共97种,占总种数的84.3%,甲藻门次之,共16种,占总种数的13.9%,蓝藻门1种,绿藻门1种.人工鱼礁区各个季节的浮游植物丰度都显著大于对照区(p0.05),而种类数无显著差异(p0.05).人工鱼礁区和对照区的辛普森多样性指数D和香农-威纳指数均在秋季最大,夏季最小,而均匀度J为春季最大,夏季最小.海州湾海洋牧场浮游植物种类数秋季达到36种,丰度在秋季也达到最高为19.68×104cells·m-3,方差分析和聚类分析结果表明,浮游植物群落组成存在显著季节差异(p0.05).应用Canoco5.0软件对获得的浮游植物数据和环境因子数据进行典范对应分析,结果表明,TN、Si O2-3-Si和TP是影响浮游植物群落分布的重要环境因子,其次BOD5和NH+4-N也对浮游植物分布有较大影响.     

Observations of Atmospheric Nitrogen and Phosphorus Deposition During the Period of Algal Bloom Formation in Northern Lake Taihu,China

Cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu occurred at the end of April 2007 and had crucial impacts on the livelihood of millions of people living there. Excessive nutrients may promote bloom formation. Atmospheric nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition appears to play an important role in algal bloom formation. Bulk deposition and rain water samples were collected respectively from May 1 to November 30, 2007, the period of optimal algal growth, to measure the bulk atmospheric deposition rate, wet deposition rate, and dry deposition rate for total nitrogen (TN; i.e., all species of nitrogen), and total phosphorus (TP; i.e., all species of phosphorus), in northern Lake Taihu, China. The trends of the bulk atmospheric deposition rate for TN and the wet deposition rate for TN showed double peaks during the observation period and distinct influence with plum rains and typhoons. Meanwhile, monthly bulk atmospheric deposition rates for TP showed little influence of annual precipitation. However, excessive rain may lead to high atmospheric N and P deposition rates. In bulk deposition samples, the average percentage of total dissolved nitrogen accounting for TN was 91.2% and changed little with time. However, the average percentage of total dissolved phosphorus accounting for TP was 65.6% and changed substantially with time. Annual bulk atmospheric deposition rates of TN and TP during 2007 in Lake Taihu were estimated to be 2,976 and 84 kg km⁻² a⁻¹, respectively. The results showed decreases of 34.4% and 78.7%, respectively, compared to 2002–2003. Annual bulk deposition load of TN for Lake Taihu was estimated at 6,958 t a⁻¹ in 2007 including 4,642 t a⁻¹ of wet deposition, lower than the values obtained in 2002–2003. This may be due to measures taken to save energy and emission control regulations in the Yangtze River Delta. Nevertheless, high atmospheric N and P deposition loads helped support cyanobacterial blooms in northern Lake Taihu during summer and autumn, the period of favorable algal growth.     

多源信息融合技术在内陆湖库水华预警中的研究进展与展望

面对水体富营养化愈来愈严重，水华爆发越来越频繁的严峻形式；为减少水华发生频率及由此造成的损失，开展水华预警已成当务之急。水华爆发是水体中营养盐的累积、气候条件与水力条件等众多因素非线性共同作用的产物；为此，有必要在众多水华影响因素的动态监测信息的融合基础上，寻求水华爆发与这些影响因素间的影射关系，这就需要信息融合技术。通过归纳总结多源信息融合技术在内陆湖库水华预警中应用的研究进展，结合目前我国水华预警的具体需求，提出建立基于多源信息融合技术的水华预警决策支持系统的研究前景与初步设想。信息融合技术为水华预警提供了一个良好的平台，它将与水华相关的不同信息源（水文、气象、水环境质量与环境遥感）所提供的局部不完整的观测信息加以集成与互补，消除多源信息之间存在的冗余和矛盾，形成对水华爆发环境相对完整的感知与描述；从而提高水华预警与应急响应决策的效率，提高预警信息的时间与空间分辨率，扩展信息的时空监测范围。     

基于光合色素的化学分类法在淡水藻类研究中的应用

采用反相高效液相色谱技术(RP HPLC)系统研究了我国主要淡水藻类--蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻、甲藻、金藻、裸藻和隐藻等的光合色素，在8种纯培养藻类中共确定类胡萝卜素、叶绿素及其衍生物19种。分离到的主要标志性色素按洗脱时间分别为脱植基叶绿素a、19′ 丁酰氧岩藻黄素、叶绿素c、脱镁叶绿素a、多甲藻素、甲基脱植基叶绿素a、岩藻黄素、新黄质、紫黄质、蓝藻叶黄素、硅甲藻黄素、硅藻黄质、叶黄素、玉米黄素、叶绿素b异构体、叶绿素b、叶绿素a异构体、叶绿素a和β 胡萝卜素；其中在纯培养的铜绿微囊藻中首次鉴定到19′ 丁酰氧岩藻黄素；通过官桥基地的实际监测，证实了该技术应用的可行性，为基于HPLC分析技术的浮游植物化学分类法提供了理论依据。